I-Chlorella: Umnakekeli Wemvelo Womzimba Womuntu
I-Chlorella, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Amaphaphu Omhlaba," iwulwelwe olutholakala yonke indawo- oluneseli oluluhlaza oluyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Chlorella ye-phylum Chlorophyta. Lolu lwelwe oluyindilinga,{2} oluneseli olulodwa lwamanzi ahlanzekile, olukala ama-microns angu-3 ukuya kwangu-8 kuphela ububanzi, lungenye yezindlela zokuphila zakuqala Emhlabeni. Ngenxa ye-photosynthesis yayo ephumelelayo, i-Chlorella iyakwazi ukukhula futhi ikhiqize kabusha ngenqubo ye-photosynthetic autotrophic futhi isakazeke kakhulu.
Eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane edlule, ukuphila kokuqala okukhiqiza umoya-mpilo -kwavela Emhlabeni: i-green algae. Le -into ephilayo eneseli eyodwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Amaphaphu Omhlaba," inikeza cishe u-90% womoya-mpilo Womhlaba, izitshalo zinikela ngo-10% osele. Ukuvela kolwelwe oluluhlaza akugcini nje ngokukhulisa inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni kodwa futhi kwasebenza njengomthombo wokudla wezinto eziphilayo eziningi, kusukela emikhomo emikhulu kuya ezinambuzaneni ezincane ezihlala emhlabeni. Ngemva kwenqubo ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yokusinda kwezinamandla, ulwelwe oluluhlaza luyaqhubeka nokuchuma eMhlabeni, luba ngenye yezinto ezindala kakhulu eMhlabeni.
I-Chlorella vulgaris ingeyesigaba se-Chlorophyceae, umndeni we-Chlorellaceae, futhi iwulwelwe - oluneseli elilodwa. Ivamise ukuba khona iyodwa, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi yenza ama-multicellular aggregate. Lawa maseli awumumo oyindilinga noma oyi-ellipsoidal, aqukethe i-peritrichous, inkomishi{3}omumo, noma ipuleti{4}}i-chloroplast enomumo wepuleti. I-Chlorella ikhiqiza kabusha ngokunganaki, iseli ngalinye likhiqiza izinhlamvu zomzali ezimbili, ezine, eziyisishiyagalombili noma eziyishumi nesithupha. Lapho lezi zinhlamvu sezivuthiwe, ingqamuzana likamama liyaqhuma, likhiphe izinhlamvu bese kwakheka ezinye ezintsha.
I-Chlorella vulgaris itholakala emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emanzini amancane, angashoni, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zasolwandle zenzeka. Ngokwemvelo, i-Chlorella ingatholakala ngamanani amancane, kodwa ingatshalwa ngamanani amakhulu. Lawa ma-algae anothe ngamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, namavithamini, awenza adleke futhi asebenziseke njengokudla kokudla.
Njengamanje, cishe kunezinhlobo eziyishumi ezaziwayo zeChlorella, kodwa okuhlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zazo, inani lingafinyelela emakhulwini. Amanzi ahlanzekile ayindawo yabo eyinhloko. I-Chlorella akulula nje ukuyitshala kodwa ingakhula futhi ikhiqize kabusha isebenzisa imithombo ye-organic carbon ngaphansi kwezimo ze-photoautotrophic noma ze-heterotrophic. Ukukhula ngokushesha kanye nezinga lokuzala kubikwa ukuthi yisona sodwa isitshalo noma isilwane eMhlabeni esingaphindeka kane ngosayizi emahoreni angama-20, okusenza sibe yigugu kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuhlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezweni lami zifaka i-Chlorella pyrenoidosa, i-Chlorella ellipsoidea, ne-Chlorella vulgaris. I-Chlorella pyrenoidosa inenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco ngenxa yamaprotheni amaningi.
Ngo-1890, isazi se-microbiologist saseDutch uDkt. MW Beyenick, umcwaningi wokuqala wolwelwe oluluhlaza, wabeka isisekelo socwaningo lweChlorella. Ngokulandelayo, ngo-1948, i-United States yaba iphayona ekulinyweni kwangaphandle kwe-Chlorella, kwathi ngo-1964, i-Taiwan Green Algae Industries yaba umkhiqizi wokuqala omkhulu{7}}womhlaba we-Chlorella.
I-Chlorella ivame ukutshalwa emanzini ahlanzekile. Lawa-ulwelwe olunamaseli angawodwa luyindilinga, okubenza baqanjwe ngesiteketiso sothando "chlorella." Mancane kakhulu, anamaseli alinganiselwa ku-2-8 microns, afana ngosayizi namangqamuzana egazi abomvu omuntu, adinga isibonakhulu esingu-600x ukuze abonakale ngokugcwele. I-Chlorella ibonakala iluhlaza ngokumnyama ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okucebile kwe-chlorophyll nezinye izingulube. Isakhiwo samaseli aso sihlukile, sine-peritrichous,{8}}omumo wenkomishi, noma ama-plate-shaped chromatophores.
